Neutrinos can be used for speeding up global communications, confirming the presence of dark matter or even detecting nuclear weapons or oil/mineral deposits. All of the above might seem to be taken out of a science-fiction movie but scientists have already shown it is possible to use neutrinos in various applications.
For example for the purpose of global communication scientists have proven through an experiment that it's possible to encode a message in neutrinos and then send it far away. The receiver will get it a little scrambled but by sending the same message several times will give a real chance of reconstruction. This is promising because the particles could pass through almost anything and thus it would be possible to send a message through Earth rather than over it.
One of the most important uses of Neutrinos is as a way to monitor nuclear proliferation. The International Atomic Energy Agency could thus one day use neutrino detectors to find out which countries are not following the treaty for Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. For all of the applications mentioned above only a proof of concept under laboratory conditions exists. Scientists still have to figure out a way to put everything in practice for the real world. For the nuclear detector we still have to come up with a way to create a detector that is both sensitive and detects fluctuations in neutrinos from a far distance. For using neutrinos as a way to communicate we would need to have giant neutrino detectors on the receiver part as neutrino particles are very hard to detect. For now scientists have a lot of work ahead and one of the laboratories that has a neutrino detector is located in Antarctica. There the IceCube lab can detect high-energy neutrinos and this opens the path to neutrino astronomy.
